Cov kabmob hom thiab hom qauv qhia
Cov kabmob
Koob kabmob
Koob txhaj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj qhov sib dhos thiab cov hlau ntev (qhov ntev ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog 3 txog 10 npaug ntawm lub taub thiab cov kab uas feem ntau tsis tshaj li 5 hli), yog li cov qauv hluav taws xob muaj qhov sib txuam, thiab sab hauv lub cev thiab qhov muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm tib yam li cov ntawm lwm hom kab tuav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov radial mounting loj tsuas yog kev them nyiaj yug. Cov menyuam hnav cov menyuam yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov kev siv sib txawv, lub pob zeb diamonds los yog lub hau khawm, thiab phau ntawv tais diav ntim nrog cov kabmob Cov nplaim ntawm lub qhov ncaj qha ncaj qha raws li sab hauv thiab txheej ntxig ntawm cov kabmob. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub txav ntawm sab qaum los yog lub tsho sab nraud yog tib yam nkaus li ntawm kev coj tus kheej. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau nrog cov kabmob khaum. Cov koob kabmob yog ib yam kabmob uas muaj cov kabmob uas muaj kabmob radial thiab kev tivthaiv kabmob. Cov qauv kev cog lus me me, qhov kev sib txuam kev siab yog siab, thiab nws muaj peev xwm tiv tau ib lub laj fai phij xauj thaum lub sij hawm tau txais qhov siab khiav ceev. Thiab cov qauv khoom muaj ntau hom, adaptable thiab yooj yim rau nruab. Kev sib xyaw rab koob rau cov tub ntxhais uas siv dav siv ntau yam khoom siv xws li tshuab cuab yeej, tshuab hlau siv hlau, textile machinery thiab luam ntawv machinery, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg kho vajtse tsim tsim qauv zoo nkauj thiab dexterous.
Kev sib npaug ntawm tus kheej lub npas
Cov hlua sib dhos ntawm tus kheej: Pob Bearings nrog lub nruas pob zeb uas nruab nrab ntawm lub nplhaib puab thiab qhov kev sib tw ntawm ob lub cim yog cov khej thoob hauv. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm curvature ntawm npoo sab nraud yog zoo tib yam rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus kabmob, yog li nws muaj tib lub sijhawm ua nws tus kheej ua haujlwm raws li nws tus kheej sib npaug kev coj tus kheej. Thaum cov ncej thiab cov thoob khib nyiab yog deflected, lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yam tsis tau nce cov kabmob. Spherical rau cov menyuam bearings tuaj yeem tiv taus radial loads thiab axial loads rau ob leeg qhia. Kev sib tw npog nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm loj muaj peev xwm thiab nws tsim nyog rau kev hnyav thiab kev cuam tshuam kev thauj. Lub puab tsaig sab hauv lub cev yog ib txoj kab ntawm qhov sib txuas uas ncaj qha tau ncaj qha. Los yog siv lub tshuab tsho lub nplhaib thiab tshem tawm lub tog raj kheej rau qhov cylindrical ncej. Lub tawb yog ua los ntawm steel stamping tawb thiab ua rau txoj hauv kev. Kev sib tw npog nws tus kheej yog tsim rau cov kabmob uas muaj kabmob hnyav thiab kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm, muaj suab paj nruag, tsis muaj suab nrov, tsheb, maus taus, hlau, mines, mines, roj av, ntawv, maas, thiab nias. Qab zib thiab lwm yam lag luam thiab cov machinery.
Sib sib zog nqus npoo npas kabmob
Ua hauj lwm txoj cai: Sib sib zog nqus npoo pob bearings tsuas yog dais radial load, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm dais radial load thiab axial load tib lub sijhawm. Thaum nws tsuas yog siv cov xaim radial nkaus xwb, lub kaum sab xis yog xoom. Thaum sib sib zog nqus pob npoo coj tau zoo heev, nws muaj qhov kev ua tau ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm angular thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ib lub nra hnyav. Qhov sib sib zog nqus pob npoo ntawm qhov sib npaug muaj ib qho kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab muaj kev siab ceev.
Kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm qhov tob tsis ruaj khov rau SKF sib sib zog nqus npas. Muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab lub pob hlau, uas tso cai rau cov kabmob uas tiv taus ob sab nrawm ntawm lub plhaw thiab lub plhaw. Cov bearings no muaj ntau yam thiab yooj yim heev tsim. Lawv tsis sib cais. Lawv yog cov haum rau kev kub ceev thiab ultra siab ceev npuas. Lawv ruaj khov hauv kev lag luam thiab yeej tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev txij nkawm los ntawm kev txij nkawm. Thiab qhov sib sib zog nqus npoo npas npog kuj yog qhov feem ntau dav siv hom kabmob. Yog li ntawd, SKF tseem muaj cov kabmob nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev tsim, ntau yam, series thiab ntau thiab tsawg. SKF sib sib zog nqus npab npas npav yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ncej diam iav xws li 3 mus rau 1500 hli. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv peb theem kev kawm:
SKF siab ua qauv zoo
SKF High Load Capability Explorer Bearing [1]
SKF zog npaum (E2) kev coj tus kheej
SKF kuj tau tsim kho cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov kev siv, xws li cov hauv qab no:
SKF bearings rau huab cua sov
SKF DryLube kabmob
SKF cov roj ntawm cov roj
SKF insulated kabmob
SKF polymer kabmob
SKF NoWear yeej tsis tau ris cegs
SKF sensor bearing tsev
Spherical menyuam bearing
Cov kheej kheej kheej kheej cov kabmob yog ib tug kabmob uas muaj lub zeem muag ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas sib sau ua ke nruab nrab ntawm lub nplhaib puab muaj ob lub cim thiab ib lub nplhaib sab nraud muaj ib haiv neeg.
Spherical roller bearings muaj ob kab ntawm cov thawv uas feem ntau raug rau ib qho radial load thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus axial hauv ob tog. Siab radial load peev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau hnyav los yog kev vibration, tab sis tsis rau ntshiab axial loads. Lub nplhaib sab nraud ntawm hom kabmob no yog kheej kheej, yog li nws qhov kev ua zoo ntawm nws tus kheej yog qhov zoo thiab nws tuaj yeem tsiam rau kev ua yuam kev.
Tus kheej kheej kheej cov kabmob muaj ob hom kabmob ntawm cov kabmob khoosthej, cov nplhaib sab nraud muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua yam, thiab lub nplhaib puab muaj ob lub cim uas muaj lub cev rau ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse los ntawm txoj kabmob, uas muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo thaum lub taub hau stressed. Cov kabmob no tseem siv tau txhua zaus thaum khoov los txhim kho cov cores txawv. Cov khoom nruab nrab nws txawv nrog cov kabmob loj. Feem ntau, qhov chaw nruab nrab yog 1 ~ 2.5 degrees. Cov kabmob uas muaj peev xwm ntawm hom kabmob no yog loj, tshwj tsis yog rau cov tsheb radial. Cov kabmob sab nraud tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txoj kev phom xaj ntawm txoj kev ua ob-seem thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam zoo dua. Feem ntau hais lus, kev sib hloov ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej.
Ob leeg kab tapered cov kabmob Bearing Spherical roller bearings faib ua ob hom: symmetrical spherical roller thiab asymmetric kheej kheej kheej raws li tus qauv ntawm tus menyuam. Cov asymmetric kheej kheej kheej bearing yog ib qho khoom thaum ntxov, tsuas yog rau lub cav loj. Rau kev pab kho, cov kabmob khoos phaus ua kheej kheej yeej tsis tshua siv cov qauv ntawm lub cav loj. Tus qauv sab hauv tau ua tau zoo zuj zus tuaj thiab cov kev txwv tsis tau zoo dua. Piv nrog rau thaum ntxov ntawm kev kheej kheej kheej bearings, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau dua axial. Cov kabmob no muaj qhov kub tsis ua hauj lwm, vim li ntawd nws tuaj yeem hloov kho kom yooj yim dua. Raws li lub puab tsaig sab hauv los yog tsis muaj cov kab thiab cov tawb siv, nws tuaj yeem faib ua C hom thiab CA hom. C hom kabmob kabmob yog yam ntxwv ntawm lub nplhaib puab. Tsis pub muaj qhwv thiab steel stamping cages, CA bearings yog cov qiv ntawm ob sab ntawm lub nplhaib puab thiab cov tawb kom tau lub tsheb. Txhawm rau txhim kho lubrication ntawm tus bearings, lub nplhaib sab nraud tuaj yeem muab nrog ib qho roj hmab ntawm tus nplhaib thiab cov taub hau kheej kheej nrog peb qhov ntawm cov roj uas tau qhia los ntawm kev nqa tsheb / W33. Spherical cov menyuam bearings nrog puab lub nplhaib roj qhov tseem muaj raws li tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau. Yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov ris tsho, cov qhua tuaj yeem tuaj yeem muab qhov chaw nkaum nrog cov menyuam yaus nrog cov menyuam yaus, Cov taper taper yog 1:12 thiab cov cai yog K. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg siv tshwj xeeb, kev coj tus kheej taper ntawm 1:30 tuaj yeem muab tau. Lub rear code yog K30. Taper puab yog tapered. Cov kabmob no yuav tsum ncaj nraim rau ntawm phau ntawv xov tooj ntawm kab xev los ntawm lub xauv caj dab, los yog cov kabmob no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm phau ntawv sau cylindrical los ntawm kev siv lub tsho daim nplaum lossis lub tsho tawm.
Cov kabmob ntswj yog muab faib ua ob ntu: ib lub vias nrawm thiab muaj nplhaib nyob. Lub nruj ntiv nplhaib thiab lub tes tsho tseem nruj, thiab lub nplhaib yog kev txhawb zog rau ntawm qhov chaw pw. Lub ferrule thiab lub rolling caij feem ntau yog ua los ntawm dov bearing hlau nrog siab zog thiab zoo coj kuj. Cov tawv nqaij tawv tom qab quenching yuav tsum ncav cuag HRC60-65. Lub tawb yog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum, thiab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tooj hlau los pleev xim rau daim ntaub los yog yas.
Ntsuas cov kabmob khau
Lub ncuav yog ib lub cav thom khawm.
Kab Bearings
Cov kab tuav tawm raug faib ua cov hlau tawm cov kabmob thiab cov kabmob yas tawm
Cov kab hlau tawm hlau yog cov kab khiav tawm cov qauv uas tsim los ntawm tus nqi qis rau kev siv infinite cwj nrag nrog cov cylindrical shafts. Txij thaum daim ntawv cog lus yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txuas nrog lub hau, qhov siv me me. Cov hlau pob tig nrog ib txoj hauj lwm me me uas tsis muaj zog, yog li ntawd qhov kev txiav txim siab sib txig sib luag tau.
Cov kabmob yas yog ib lub tshuab khiav tawm qhov kheej kheej tawm. Qhov loj qhov txawv ntawm cov kabmob hlau cov kabmob yog qhov uas cov kabmob hlau tawm yog dov kev sib txhuam, thiab cov kabmob yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub cylindrical ncej, yog li qhov no yog haum rau cov nqi qis-ceev ceev; Txoj hlua khi yas yog txoj kab kev sib tsoo, thiab cov kabmob yog nyob rau hauv qhov sib txuas nrog lub cylindrical ncej, yog li qhov no haum rau kev kub ceev-nruab nrab-tsawg ceev zog;
Cov hlua khawm cylindrical bearings Spherical tus menyuam bearing rolling ntsiab yog cov menyuam cylindrical thrust khawm bearings.
Cov hlua khau khaum rau cov hlua khau: Cov ntawv khi yog cov kab xaum khoob khoob.
Cov leeg tho kev rau cov menyuam, cov hlua khau cov hlua khi koob hnav.
Tawm kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej, cov ntxig ntsej muag khov kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej khawm cov hlua khi los yog cov hlua khi hlua. Kev sib tw ntawm cov kabmob uas muaj kev sib tw nrog cov khau khiab kheej kheej muaj qhov sib txawv, thiab cov kev tuaj yeem ntawm cov kabmob khau khiab nrog cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm.
Bearing nrog lub rooj
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kabmob radial thiab lub rooj zaum muaj lub rooj sib tsuam rau ntawm qhov chaw them nyiaj npib sib npaug ntawm cov kabmob coj los ua ke.
Ob leeg bearing
Kev sib txeeb ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib tw npog yog khov, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev sib khov kheej kheej ntawm txoj kev sib dhos, kev tig pob tsa suab thiab cov lus tsa suab.
Ua ke kabmob
Cov kabmob uas muaj cov kabmob sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm ob kab los yog ntau hom kabmob. Xws li cov koob txhaj tshuaj thiab kev tuav cylindrical rau cov ris tsho ua ke, koob rau cov menyuam thiab kev sib tw ua ke, cov koob thiab lub ntsej muag kom sib npaug .
Lwm cov bearings : Dov bearings ntawm lwm yam tshaj li saum toj no.
Cov kab sib dhauj : Cov kab sib dhos tsis zais tsis muab faib ua cov sab hauv thiab sab nrauv thiab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus, thiab feem ntau yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. Feem ntau yog siv rau kev khiav qeeb, kev hnyav hnyav thiab lubrication, thiab kev sib hloov ntawm cov cuab yeej nyuaj.
Dov phom zeb
Tapered rau cov menyuam bearing zeb bearings feem ntau tsuas yog siv los tiv cov radial loads. Piv nrog kev sib sib zog nqus npoo npas ntawm qhov loj tib yam, lawv muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau txaus. Qhov kev txwv qis yog ze rau qhov sib sib zog nqus npoo npas, tab sis nws yog sib xws nrog bearings. Cov txheej txheem machining ntawm cov ncej thiab qhov chaw nyob yog siab, thiab lub inclination ntawm puab lub nplhaib axis thiab lub nplhaib sab nraud yog me me (2 ° -4 °). Lub inclination ntawm ob lub looj yog tshaj qhov txwv, thiab kev sib cuag ntawm tus neeg thiab cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsis zoo. , mob hnyav rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov kabmob thiab txo qhov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kev coj tus. Yog li ntawd, xws li bearings yuav tsum tau ntsia nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab Cheebtsam uas raug rau cov load axial, thiab tsuas yog siv tau yog hais tias lwm hom bearings siv ib txhij mus rau sab cov axial load.
Npog kab npauj npoo npog npog
Feem ntau hu ua 36 hom kabmob uas muaj npe los ntawm 36, 46 hom kabmob, qhov sib txuas lus yog feem ntau 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 45 degrees thiab yam li ntawd.
Radial npas kab npas kab hom
Cov kabmob uas muaj kab kheej kheej
Nrog rau lub rooj zaum ntsug pob
Spherical bearing nrog square rooj
Pob zeb diamond spherical npas kabmob
Hloov pob kheej kheej nrog tus thawj coj
Txheej kev sib tw nrog kev siv lub nplhaib
Spherical pob bearing nrog slider lub rooj
Tshem lub rooj zaum kheej kheej kheej
Spherical npas kabmob nrog kev ncua
Kho lub pob zeb diamonds zoo li lub pob zeb kheej
Kev sib tw pob kheej kheej nrog lub rooj zaum stamping
Radial npas kabmob nrog lwm cov rooj zaum
Thrust angular contact pob npav kev sib tw thawb angular hu rau npab kabmob kev sib cuag yog feem ntau 60 ° kheev siv siv thom pob khoom tiv thaiv npab npog feem ntau yog ob txoj kev thawb npab tiv thaiv kab npab, feem ntau siv rau precision machine tool spindles, feem ntau siv nrog ob chav kab cylindrical bearings Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ob txoj kev axial load thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm high precision, zoo rigidity, tsawg kub nce, high ceev, yooj yim Assembly thiab disassembly.
Taub hau sib sib zog nqus pob hau
Txhua ferrule ntawm tus qauv sib sib zog nqus pob npas kabmob muaj ib qhov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm ib feem peb ntawm qhov ncig ntawm lub npav ntawm pob. Sib sib zog nqus npoo npas pob tsuas yog siv los tiv cov radial loads thiab kuj muaj tej lub axial loads. Thaum cov radial clearance ntawm cov kabmob muaj ntau zog, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm lub npoo npoo npuaj npab thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov axial load alternating nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. Piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm cov bearings ntawm tus loj tib yam, hom kabmob no muaj ib qho kev sib txuam coefficient, kev kub ceev thiab siab precision, uas yog hom kabmob nyiam rau cov neeg siv. Sib sib zog nqus npoo npas pob zeb yog yooj yim hauv cov qauv thiab yooj yim siv. Lawv yog cov thawj hom kev tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov khoom ntim loj tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau yam.
Txiav txim
Yuav kom paub cov khoom zoo li cas, peb feem ntau ua tiav cov nram qab no :
Seb qhov txheej txheem txheej yog ob chav-kab looj cov kabmob khov kho . Feem ntau, cov npe ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub muaj lawv tus kheej tsim tshwj xeeb tsim cov qauv ntim, thiab npaj cov chaw tsim khoom tsim thiab tsim. Yog li ntawd, lub ntim ntawm cov khoom yog los ntawm kab. Cov xim pob zeb yuav tsum meej heev thiab tsis meej.
Seb cov ntawv luam tawm hlau puas zoo
Txhua cov kabmob khoom yuav muab luam tawm nrog nws lub npe thiab daim ntawv lo rau ntawm kabmob khoom lub cev. Txawm hais tias qhov luaj li cas font me me heev, cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub raug luam tawm los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv tshuab luam ntawv, thiab cov cim tau nias ua ntej kev kho cua sov, yog li cov ntawv me me, tab sis lub txav sib sib zog nqus thiab meej heev. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom cuav tsis yog qhov tsuas yog qhov muag, vim hais tias cov tshuab luam ntawv tsis zoo, cov ntawv ntab saum nplaim, thiab qee tus tseem yuav raug yooj yim erased ntawm tes lossis loj ntawm tes.
Wheher muaj suab nrov
Tuav lub puab tsaig ntawm cov kabmob nrog koj sab tes xis, thiab tig lub tsho ntev sab nraud nrog lub me me ntawm sab tes xis kom nws tig, thiab mloog lub suab nrov thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev coj tus kheej. Vim yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom cuav feem ntau, nws yog txhua yam tes ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, kabmob hauv lub cev yuav tsis tov nrog impurities xws li hmoov av thiab xuab zeb. Yog li ntawd, thaum tus kabmob tig, yuav muaj suab nrov lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. . Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab seb qhov khoom yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub chaw tsim ua haujlwm uas yog cov qauv hauv cov qauv siv thiab ua cov tshuab.
seb puas muaj roj turbid nyob saum npoo
Seb puas muaj cov roj carbon ntawm cov xim hauv cov nplai yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb thaum kev yuav khoom txawv teb chaws. Txij li cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tua hluav taws muaj peev xwm ua rau lub teb chaws muaj kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, nws yooj yim heev kom tawm hauv cov roj thooj thaum cov kabmob uas xuas lub cev muaj xeb, thiab nws zoo zoo nplaum thiab nplaum thaum kov ntawm tes, thiab txawv teb chaws Muaj yuav luag tsis muaj kab ntawm xeb tshuaj tiv thaiv cov roj ntawm cov kabmob tuaj. Raws li kev lag luam cov neeg ua lag luam, tshwj xeeb yog cov tib neeg attentive muaj peev xwm tsis hnov ib tug tshwj xeeb saj ntawm imported bearings, uas yog cov saj ntawm tsoo roj.
Seb tus chamfer yog yam tsis tau
Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov kabmob, uas yog, kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug ntsej muag, cov khoom coj cuav uas yog cov khoom coj cuav yog daws tsis tau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tiaj ntawm qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv technology, uas peb tuaj yeem yooj yim.
Bearing ntim
Lub ntim txheej thiab thim ntim cov khoom ntim raug muab ntxuav thiab xeb pov tseg tom qab raug tsim thiab sim, thiab muab tso rau hauv lub ntim sab hauv kom ncav tsis muaj dej, tsis muaj pov thawj, muaj plua plav pov thawj, muaj qhov pov thawj, thiab tswj tau qhov zoo thiab kev txiav txim siab. Thiab rau txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab muag cov hom phiaj.
Lub puab ntim ntawm qhov kev coj tus cag yog muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lub sij hawm xeb:
1 Lub sij hawm lauj kaub luv Cov pob: Lub sij hawm xeb yog 3 mus rau 6 lub hlis. Nws yog haum rau bearings uas xa mus rau tib tus neeg tau txais kev pabcuam hauv cov leb loj thiab muab tso rau hauv kev siv lub sijhawm luv luv. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm ob tog, txoj cai ntawm kev siv yooj yim yog saws, thiab ntim qhov yooj yim txais yuav.
2 cov xuab moos xoos pov thaiv lub sij hawm: cov xeb thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib xyoos, tsim nyog rau kev tuav pov hwm.
3 lub sij hawm ntev tiv thaiv kab xev: txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab xev ntawm ob xyoos, tsim kom muaj kev tshwj xeeb thiab kev txiav txim siab.
Cov ntaub ntim khoom siv ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv yog lub hnab yas (polyurethical tube), daim ntawv npiv yas, daim ntaub nplaum thiab daim ntaub nplaum polyethylene, thawv, polyethylene lossis polyethylene yas zaj duab xis, nylon ceev nrig daim kab xev lossis daim ntaub thaiv yas, , thiab lwm yam. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj saud yuav tsum tau xyuas kom paub meej tias qhov corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov khoom raug kuaj.
