Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem nrov rau machining mechanical Cheebtsam
1.Material tshem tawm txoj kev tsim khoom ((10)m 0)
Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom tsim tawm yuav tsum tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb kom tau txais daim ntawv teev npe thiab qhov loj me. Cov tswv yim zoo li no xav tau cov khoom siv txaus ntawm lub workpiece nto. Thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov khoom, lub workpiece tsis tu ncua mus txog qhov zoo thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom zoo tagnrho. Qhov loj dua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv raw lossis qhov khoob thiab xoom h, cov khoom siv ntau dua raug tshem tawm, qhov ntau dua cov khoom poob, thiab ntau lub zog yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov txheej txheem ua. Qee lub sij hawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom poob tshaj qhov ntim ntawm qhov nws tus kheej.
Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo siv cov khoom siv, nws tseem yog thawj txoj hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nws yog qhov feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom, thaum ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv cov khoom siv raw. Kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug txhim kho ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tsawg thiab tsawg txiav ua technologies (precise casting, precision forging, thiab lwm yam). Thaum qhov ntau lawm yog me me, nws tseem pheej yig thiab tsim nyog tsuas yog siv cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom siv los txo cov peev txheej hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Ib txwm machining thiab tshwj xeeb machining yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv.
Machining yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hlau tsis zoo los ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm (dawb) siv lub tshuab cuab yeej kom daim ntawv, qhov loj me, thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub workpiece ua tiav cov qauv tsim. Cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab cuab yeej thiab thawb los ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej kom ua tiav ib qho kev txheeb ze ntawm kev txav mus los thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov hlau ntau dhau raug tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm txheeb ze ntawm lub cuab yeej mus rau lub workpiece, ua rau lub workpiece lub machined nto.
Tig, milling, planing, broaching, thiab sib tsoo yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem hlau txiav. Lub zog, kub, deformation, vibration, thiab hnav yog txhua yam tshwm sim uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txiav hlau. Muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej txheem ua, ua cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cuab yeej, fixture, thiab tej chaw. Qhov no yuav yog phau ntawv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog ib txoj hauv kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv los ntawm ib qho chaw ua haujlwm uas siv hluav taws xob, lub teeb, lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. EDM, electrolytic machining, laser machining, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem muaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm EDM yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov khoom siv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv cov pulse paug tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej electrode thiab cov electrode. Yog tsis muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej electrode thaum milling.
Machining yuav tsum tsis muaj kev quab yuam, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam yuav raug machined. Hais txog kev siv tshuab, nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem sab hauv contour ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab hloov qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua rau hauv kev ua ntawm sab nrauv contour (gongjie), muab nws qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim pwm. EDM tsis yog feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam vim nws qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau tshem tawm. Laser thiab ion beam ua yog feem ntau ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, qee cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb siab machining raug thiab nto roughness nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab computer cheeb tsam xav tau precision machining thiab ultra-finishing. Precision thiab ultra-precision machining tuaj yeem ua tiav sub-micron lossis txawm tias nano-scale qhov tseeb. Cov hom kev ua haujlwm no suav nrog ultra-precision tig, ultra-precision sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (⑽m=0)
Txhawm rau hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv qhov chaw lossis qhov khoob, cov khoom tsim cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv tus qauv. Daim ntawv, qhov loj me, lub xeev lub koom haum, thiab txawm tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav sib txawv thaum cov txheej txheem crumb. Vim tias kev tsim cov precision feem ntau qis, cov khoom siv tsim cov txheej txheem yog nquag siv los tsim cov blanks. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tab sis qis dua qhov xav tau. Cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab. Casting, forging, hmoov metallurgy, thiab lwm yam kev tsim yog feem ntau siv.
(1) Casting
Casting yog txheej txheem uas cov kua hlau yog poured rau hauv pwm kab noj hniav haum rau cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm ib feem, thiab ib tug dawb paug los yog ib feem yog tau tom qab txias thiab solidification. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim yog ua qauv, smelting, nchuav, ntxuav thiab lwm yam. Vim yog lub zog ntawm pwm filling peev, shrinkage thiab lwm yam thaum lub sij hawm alloy castings, castings tej zaum yuav muaj cov qauv tsis sib xws, shrinkage kab noj hniav, thermal stress, thiab deformation, ua rau cov neeg tsis zoo, nto zoo, thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm castings. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav casting tseem siv dav vim nws qhov kev hloov pauv tau zoo thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Casting feem ntau yog siv rau blanks nrog cov duab complex, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov chaw nrog complex puab kab noj hniav.
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv casting txoj hauv kev tsim muaj xws li cov xuab zeb casting, peev casting, hlau casting, tuag casting, centrifugal casting, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Forging
Forging thiab sheet hlau stamping yog sib sau ua ke hu ua forging. Forging yog siv cov cuab yeej forging los siv lwm lub zog rau cov hlau rhuab rau plastically deform los ua ib feem dawb paug nrog qee cov duab, qhov loj me thiab microstructure. Internal qauv ntawm forged dawb paug yog ntom thiab uniform. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau streamlines yog tsim nyog, uas txhim kho lub zog ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, forging feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov blanks rau qhov chaw uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo txhua yam.
Forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua dawb forging, qauv forging thiab tuag forging.
Pub dawb forging yog muab cov hlau ntawm cov hlau sab sauv thiab qis rau cov yas deformation ntawm cov hlau. Kev siv cov dawb-ntws aluminium alloy muaj tsawg vortex tus nqi thiab tsawg precision. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tsim forgings nrog cov khoom me me thiab cov duab yooj yim.
Model forging yog deform cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub tuag kab noj hniav ntawm lub forging tuag. Cov yas ntws ntawm cov hlau yog txwv los ntawm cov kab noj hniav tuag. Qhov kev ua tau zoo yog siab, qhov tseeb yog siab, thiab cov hlau streamline faib yog tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm kev tsim pwm, nws feem ntau yog siv rau ntau lawm. Lub forging quab yuam yuav tsum tau rau forging nrog tus dawb-me ntsis Yujiu-Ci qauv yog loj, thiab nws yuav siv tsis tau rau forging ntawm loj-scale forgings.
Tuag forging yog forging hlau siv tuag forging ntawm dawb forging khoom. Lub log tsheb pwm yog qhov yooj yim rau kev tsim, tus nqi qis thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim, tab sis qhov raug tsim tsis siab, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv los tsim me me forgings nrog tsawg precision yuav tsum.
Cov tuag yog siv rau ntawm daim ntawv hlau stamping tshuab los thwj daim ntawv rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Stamping processing yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog thiab raug, nrog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv xws li blanking, dabtsi yog khoov, sib sib zog nqus nqus, thiab shaping. Cov txheej txheem ntawm xuas nrig ntaus ntawv hlau rau hauv ntau lub tiaj tiaj yog hu ua blanking. Khoov thiab kos duab sib sib zog nqus yog ob txoj hauv kev uas xuas cov ntawv rau hauv cov khoom peb sab. Sheet hlau stamping muaj txoj hauv kev ntev mus rau hauv hluav taws xob, lub teeb kev lag luam, thiab tsheb lag luam.
(3) Hmoov metallurgy
Hmoov metallurgy ntiav cov hmoov hlau los yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hmoov tsis yog hlau ua cov khoom siv los tsim cov khoom siv hlau tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntaub ntawv hlau los ntawm pwm nias, sintering, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ob qho tib si cov khoom siv hlau tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom hlau nrog me me machining. Vim tias qhov kev siv ntawm cov hmoov smelting log tuaj yeem ncav cuag 95 feem pua, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev txiav tawm thiab cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom.
Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov hmoov raw cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov hmoov metallurgy, qhov fluidity ntawm cov hmoov thaum lub sij hawm tsim yog tsis zoo, thiab cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom raug txwv rau qee yam. Muaj qee qhov ntawm cov pores me me hauv cov hmoov metallurgy qhov chaw, thiab lawv lub zog yog li 20 feem pua mus rau 30 feem pua qis dua li ntawm cov castings los yog forgings, thiab lawv cov plasticity thiab toughness kuj tsis zoo.
Cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm hmoov metallurgy ntau lawm suav nrog hmoov npaj, compounding, nias, sintering, shaping, thiab lwm yam. Kev npaj thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hmoov feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas muab cov hmoov.
3. Material accumulation manufacturing process (⑽m>0)
Kev tsim cov khoom ntim khoom suav nrog maj mam sib sau ua ke thiab loj hlob hauv daim ntawv ntawm micro-element superposition. Cov ntaub ntawv peb-dimensional khoom qauv ntawm cov khoom siv yog ua tiav los ntawm lub computer thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom los tswj cov txheej txheem tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov khoom siv los ua qhov xav tau. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tias nws tuaj yeem tsim ib feem ntawm cov duab nyuaj yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev npaj ua haujlwm xws li cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv.
Cov qauv tsim muaj nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim, kev sib tw lossis kev nthuav qhia qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua sai prototyping technology. Rapid prototyping technology yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom kuaj, pwm manufacturing thiab ib tug me me qhov chaw. Nws tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom tshiab thiab paub txog kev tsim vaj tsev ua ke, kom cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem teb sai sai rau kev ua lag luam thiab txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai prototyping tshuab yog ceev heev, thiab tam sim no ob peb txoj kev tau nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov theem, feem ntau nrog rau photocuring txoj kev, lamination manufacturing method, laser xaiv sintering txoj kev, thiab melting stacking qauv qauv. tshuab.
Txoj kev yees duab kho siv cov khoom siv photosensitive li cov khoom siv raw, thiab lub computer tswj ultraviolet laser scans cov kua resin taw tes los ntawm taw tes raws li qhov predetermined txheej txheej ntawm ib feem, ua rau nyias nyias txheej nyob rau hauv lub scanned cheeb tsam mus undergo ib. photopolymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua rau muaj kev tsim ntawm ib ntus nyias. Lub tais yog txo qis los ntawm ib txheej me me qhov siab tom qab ib txheej yog kho. Rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tom ntej los kho, thov ib txheej tshiab ntawm cov kua resin rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom qub uas tau kho lawm. Cov txheej txheem kho tshiab tau ruaj ntseg txuas mus rau txheej dhau los, thiab cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua kom txog thaum tag nrho cov qauv qauv ua tiav.
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