Taug kev mus rau ib qho chaw mine lossis cov cement cog thiab koj yuav pom ib qho khoom sib hloov uas hnyav ntau pua tons, khiav 24 teev hauv ib hnub, thiab nyob ntawm ib lub iav loj heev kom tig. Cov iav ntawd yog lub nplhaib iav - kuj hu ua lub iav girth - thiab nws yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog ntawm kev lag luam hnyav. Thaum ib qho ua tsis tiav, tag nrho cov kab nres, thiab tus nqi ntawm kev poob qis tuaj yeem khiav mus rau kaum txhiab nyiaj hauv ib teev.
Lub nplhaib iav tiag tiag ua li cas
Lub nplhaib iav yog ib qho loj - iav iav bolted nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub nruas rotating los yog kiln plhaub. Nws meshes nrog ib lossis ob lub pinions me uas tau tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub gearbox. Lub cev muaj zog tig lub pinion, lub pinion tig lub nplhaib iav, thiab lub nplhaib iav tig tag nrho lub plhaub - ntawm qhov nrawm feem ntau ntawm 1 txog 20 RPM.
Tus tsim yog yooj yim tab sis ua phem heev. Los ntawm kev qhwv lub iav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nruas nws tus kheej, koj tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau lub hauv paus loj thiab cov kabmob uas yuav ua tsis tau zoo ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub nplhaib iav faib lub zog tsav nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov ncig, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum koj tig lub pob zeb 500-tuj tag nrho ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov hlau.
Lub nplhaib iav yog loj heev. Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 50, thiab txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem tshaj 14 meters ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws sib tsoo mills. Lawv raug muab pov rau hauv ib thooj lossis faib ua ob lossis ntau ntu rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev teeb tsa. Cov khoom siv yuav luag txhua zaus cam khwb cia hlau - ZG45, 42CrMo, los yog cov alloys zoo sib xws - nrog kev kho cua sov kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tawv tawv thiab cov tub ntxhais toughness.
Mining: Sib tsoo Mills ntawm txhua hom
Hauv kev mining, lub nplhaib iav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tig cov khoom sib tsoo - cov cav tov uas zom cov ore mus rau qhov loj me me uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov pob zeb hauv av.
Pob zeb mills yog qhov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Kab rov tav steel lub tog raj kheej ib nrab ntim nrog cov pob hlau tig ntawm nws axis, tumbling cov ore thiab sib tsoo nws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab puas. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm ob peb meters hauv txoj kab uas hla rau kev ua haujlwm me me mus rau ntau dua 8 meters rau cov tooj liab loj thiab kub mines. Lub nplhaib iav ntawm lub pob zeb loj tuaj yeem hnyav 30 tons lossis ntau dua los ntawm nws tus kheej.
SAG mills (Semi-Autogenous Sib Tsoo) thiab AG mills (Autogenous Sib Tsoo) ua qhov no ib kauj ruam ntxiv. SAG mills siv cov ore nws tus kheej raws li kev sib tsoo xov xwm nrog rau tus nqi me me ntawm cov pob hlau, thaum AG mills cia siab rau tag nrho cov ore. Cov mills no tseem loj dua pob zeb - txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 mus rau 12 meters yog qhov ntau, thiab lub nplhaib iav uas tsav lawv yog qhov loj heev. Cov loads ntawm no yog qhov hnyav heev: lub pob zeb SAG tag nrho tuaj yeem hnyav dua 1,000 tons, thiab lub nplhaib iav yuav tsum pib thiab nres qhov loj ntawd kom tsis txhob poob siab ntawm cov hniav.
Qws mills, pebble mills, thiab ntauwd mills puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv mining. Txhua tus siv lub nplhaib iav tsav, txawm hais tias qhov loj thiab qhov profile sib txawv. Qhov lawv txhua tus sib koom yog ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm hnyav - tsis tu ncua plua plav, kev co, thiab abrasive ore particles uas pom lawv txoj hauv kev rau txhua yam. Nplhaib iav hauv mining xav tau qhov siab ntawm qhov tawv tawv kom tiv thaiv kev hnav tsis zoo, thiab cov hauv paus hniav muaj zog los daws kev qaug zog los ntawm kev rov ua dua.
Cement: Kilns, Mills, thiab Dryers
Kev lag luam cement yog lwm cov neeg siv hnyav ntawm lub nplhaib iav, thiab qhov kev xav tau ntawm no txawv tab sis tsis muaj qhov hnyav dua.
Rotary kilns yog lub plawv ntawm cov cement cog. Qhov ntev, me ntsis inclined steel lub tog raj kheej - feem ntau 4 mus rau 6 meters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab 60 mus rau 100 meters ntev - tig ntawm 1 mus rau 4 RPM thaum lub nplaim taws nyob rau hauv qis kawg heats cov khoom mus rau ntau tshaj 1,400℃. Limestone thiab av nplaum pub rau saum, thiab cement clinker tawm hauv qab. Lub nplhaib iav, feem ntau yog mounted ze ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov paug, yuav tsum tswj kom meej meshing nrog lub pinion txawm tias lub plhaub kiln nthuav thermally los ntawm ob peb centimeters. Qhov kev nthuav dav thermal yog ib qho kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov cement kiln ring gears - cov iav yuav tsum nyob twj ywm raws li qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav cuam tshuam cov tshuab feem ntau.
Cement pob mills ua haujlwm ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xws li mining pob zeb, sib tsoo clinker mus rau cov hmoov zoo uas ua cov cement. Cov mills no feem ntau khiav hauv lub kaw lus kaw nrog cov khoom sib cais, thiab lub nplhaib iav tsav yuav tsum ua haujlwm tas li nrog qhov sib txawv me me hauv kev ceev. Cement mills zoo li me dua qhov loj tshaj plaws mining SAG mills, tab sis lawv khiav tau ntau xyoo tsis nres, yog li kev ntseeg siab thiab hnav tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Rotary dryers thiab coolers yog qhov thib peb loj cement daim ntawv thov. Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tshem tawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw ua ntej lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub kiln, thaum cov cua txias coj cov kub clinker los tuav qhov kub tom qab nws tawm hauv qhov cub. Ob leeg siv lub nplhaib iav tsav zoo ib yam li cov kilns, txawm tias cov loads thiab kub qis dua. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog qhov sib xws - kev sib hloov tsis sib xws ua rau tsis sib xws kom qhuav lossis txias, uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo.
Kev tsim thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub nplhaib iav uas kav ntev txog 20 xyoo thiab ib qho uas ua tsis tiav hauv 5 los ntawm kev tsim, khoom siv, thiab kev tsim khoom zoo.
Cov hniav profile tseem ceeb. Feem ntau cov nplhaib niaj hnub siv cov hniav helical es tsis yog cov hniav ncaj. Lub helix lub kaum sab xis kis cov load hla ntau cov hniav ib txhij, uas txo cov kev poob siab, txo qis suab nrov, thiab tso cai rau lub iav xa megawatt -chav kawm torque ntawm qis RPM yam tsis muaj hammering. Helical iav ua kom muaj zog axial thrust, uas yuav tsum tau absorbed los ntawm lub zeb kev txhawb nqa chais, tab sis qhov kev lag luam yog tsim nyog rau hnyav - daim ntawv thov.
Kev xaiv cov khoom nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Rau cov cement kilns, qhov kub thiab thermal cycling yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb, cov hlau xws li 42CrMo lossis AISI 4140 khaws lub zog ntawm qhov kub siab. Rau cov mining mills, qhov twg abrasive hnav dominates, siab dua - carbon cam khwb cia steels nrog nto hardening (feem ntau los ntawm induction los yog nplaim taws hardening) muab cov hniav ntev dua. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb - nyuaj heev thiab cov hniav tawg hauv kev poob siab; mos heev thiab lawv hnav tam sim ntawd hauv ob peb xyoos.
Manufacturing precision yog qhov kawg daim. Cov hniav yuav tsum raug txiav kom meej qhov profile, lub iav yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus puag ncig, thiab lub qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj yuav tsum ua raws nraim nrog lub nruas flange. Txhua qhov kev khiav tawm lossis kev sib raug zoo ua rau cov hniav tsis sib xws, uas ua rau hnyav hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav puas tsuaj. Cov tuam txhab lag luam zoo ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas ultrasonic ntawm castings, xyuas cov hniav profile nrog kev sib koom tes ntsuas tshuab, thiab ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho nrog pinion ua ntej xa khoom.
Kev tu thiab kev pab lub neej
Lub qhov dej -tsim, zoo- nruab lub nplhaib iav tuaj yeem khiav 15 mus rau 25 xyoo ua ntej yuav tsum tau hloov. Qhov tseem ceeb yog lubrication thiab saib xyuas.
Feem ntau lub nplhaib iav siv qhib- iav lubrication - roj hnyav lossis asphalt-raws li cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tshuab tsis siv neeg txau lossis manually los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub lubricant yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm cov hniav hauv qab lub zog centrifugal, tiv thaiv kev ntxuav tawm los ntawm dej thiab plua plav, thiab tswj lub siab heev. Ib daim ntawv thov raug tus nqi yog ob peb grams tauj ib feeb, tshuaj tsuag rau lub pinion thaum nws tig. lubrication tsis txaus yog tus thib ib ua rau ntxov lub nplhaib iav tsis ua hauj lwm - cov hniav gall, tau qhab nia, thiab hnav sai heev thaum lub lubricant zaj duab xis tawg.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntes teeb meem ua ntej lawv ua tsis tiav. Pab neeg tu xyuas xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov hniav, nrhiav pitting lossis spalling ntawm qhov chaw hniav, ntsuas qhov rov qab, thiab mloog cov suab nrov txawv txawv. Ib qho qauv hnav uas yog tsom rau ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav feem ntau qhia tias tsis ncaj ncees lawm - tog twg los tus pinion tawm -nruab nrab lossis lub iav tau hloov ntawm lub nruas. Kev ntes qhov no thaum ntxov thiab rov ua dua -aligning tuaj yeem ntxiv xyoo rau lub iav lub neej.
Thaum lub nplhaib iav ncav cuag qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej, kev hloov pauv yog qhov haujlwm loj. Lub zeb los yog kiln yuav tsum tau nres, cov iav qub tau muab tshem tawm thiab txiav tawm (feem ntau hauv cov ntu kom tshem tawm), thiab cov iav tshiab tau nruab thiab ua kom zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau hnub rau lub lis piam ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg, uas yog vim li cas cov nroj tsuag feem ntau khaws cov khoom seem ntawm lub txee thiab npaj hloov xyoo ua ntej.
xaus
Lub nplhaib iav yog cov loj tshaj plaws, feem ntau hnyav loaded mechanical Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam kev lag luam. Hauv kev mining, lawv tsav cov mills sib tsoo uas txo cov ore kom rov ua tau qhov loj me - pob zeb, SAG mills, AG mills, thiab qws mills, feem ntau tshaj 10 meters inch thiab tuav ntau tshaj 1,000 tons. Hauv cov cement, lawv tsav lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsim cov clinker ntawm 1,400 degree, cov pob zeb uas zom nws mus rau hmoov, thiab cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab cov cua txias uas txhawb cov txheej txheem.
Cov kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau dua - mining yog hais txog kev puas tsuaj thiab kev poob siab, cov cement yog hais txog cov cua sov thiab thermal expansion - tab sis cov kev xav tau converge rau tib yam: ib qho khoom tsim los, lubricated kom zoo, ua tib zoo sib dhos lub nplhaib iav uas tuaj yeem khiav tau ntau xyoo nrog kev saib xyuas tsawg. Tau txais qhov ntawd thiab nws ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, ua nws txoj haujlwm ntseeg tau. Tau txais nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab nws dhau los ua daim ntawv kim tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw.
