Cov khoom siv nquag siv thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
Txhua tus paub txog cov ntaub ntawv coj khoom. Muaj ntau hom kev siv hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab peb cov khoom siv sib xws muaj peb hom hlau cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv hlau, thiab cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau.
Nws yog xim hlau khoom siv
Cov kabmob alloys, tooj daj, txhuas siv alloys, cov khoom siv zinc-alloys, thiab lwm yam yog txhua yam ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Ntawm lawv, cov kabmob alloys, tseem hu ua alloys dawb, feem ntau yog alloys ntawm cov hlau lead, tin, antimony lossis lwm yam hlau. Nws tuaj yeem yog lub zog qis hauv lub nra hnyav, siab nrawm, thiab lwm yam Vim li cas vim nws cov yam ntxwv, zoo hnav tsis kam, siab plasticity, zoo khiav kev ua haujlwm, zoo thermal conductivity, zoo tsis kam rau kua nplaum thiab zoo roj nqus. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws cov nqi pheej yig, thaum nws siv, nws yuav tsum tau muab pov rau lub hav txwv yeem ntawm tooj dag, hlau pluaj los yog cam khwb cia hlau los ua txheej txheej thinner.
(1) Cov kabmob (feem ntau hu ua Babbitt alloy lossis dawb alloy)
Cov kabmob hlau yog qhov ntau ntawm tin, txhuas, antimony, thiab tooj liab. Nws siv cov tin los sis txhuas ua cov lej sib txuas thiab muaj cov nplej nyuaj ntawm antimony tin (Sb-Sn) thiab tooj liab tin (Cu-Sn). Cov nplej nplej nyuaj ua si lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv, thaum lub ntsej muag muag muag ua kom qhov yas ntawm qhov khoom tawg. Cov txheej txheem elastic thiab elastic txwv ntawm qhov kev coj tus kheej yog qhov tsawg heev. Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv coj los, nws qhov kev ua kom yoog thiab kev sib txhuam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws yooj yim khiav hauv phau ntawv journal, thiab nws tsis yog yooj yim mus tom nrog phau ntawv journal. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ntawm cov kabmob alloy yog tsawg heev, thiab cov kabmob hav txwv yeem tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nyias muaj nyias, thiab tsuas tuaj yeem txuas nrog tooj dag, hlau lossis cam khwb cia hlau coj hav txwv yeem raws li cov kabmob txheej. Bearing alloy haum rau lub nra hnyav, nruab nrab thiab nrawm zaus, tus nqi yuav kim dua.
(2) Tooj liab tooj
Copper alloy muaj qhov siab dua, kev sib txhuam zoo dua thiab hnav tsis kam. Bronze zoo dua li tooj dag thiab yog cov khoom siv uas feem ntau siv. Bronze suav tin tin bronze, tooj txhuas tooj thiab txhuas tooj dag, ntawm cov uas ua rau tin bronze muaj kev sib txhuam zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv dav. Txawm li cas los xij, tin bronze muaj qhov nyuaj siab dua li cov kabmob alloys, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov teeb tsa, thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom thauj hnyav thiab nruab nrab ceev. Cov tooj txhuas ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo thiab tsim nyog rau qhov kev kub nrawm, hnyav-ua cov kabmob. Aluminium bronze muaj lub zog siab thiab tawv tawv, thiab tsis zoo los tiv thaiv kev nplaum. Nws yog tsim rau kev nrawm thiab nra hnyav load bearings.
(3) Raws li Aluminium
Aluminium-based alloys muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txhim kho corrosion thiab siab zog lub zog, nrog rau kev txhuam cov khoom zoo. Cov kev zoo no tau ua rau alloys alloys hloov cov khoom kim heev alloys thiab tooj liab hauv qee thaj chaw. Allo-alloys tuaj yeem ua rau tib qho hlau (xws li bushings, bearings, thiab lwm yam), lossis bimetal qhov chaw. Lub bimetallic bearing hav txwv yeem yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv aluminium-alloy li cov kabmob txheej thiab steel li thaub qab.
(4) Grey cam khwb cia hlau thiab hnav-resistant cam khwb cia hlau
Ordinary grey iron lossis hnav-resistant grey cam khwb cia hlau nrog npib tsib xee, chromium, titanium thiab lwm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, lossis nodular cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom sib tw. Cov flake lossis kheej kheej graphite nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem tsim graphite txheej rau lubrication tom qab npog rau ntawm cov khoom siv, yog li nws muaj qee qhov kev sib txhuam tsis zoo thiab hnav tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, graphite tuaj yeem adsorb hydrocarbons, uas pab txhawm rau txhim kho thaj tsam lubrication kev ua haujlwm. Yog li no, thaum cov xim cam khwb cia hlau siv cov khoom siv coj los siv, lubricating roj yuav tsum ntxiv. Vim yog lub brittleness ntawm cam khwb cia hlau thiab khiav tsis zoo, nws tsuas yog haum rau qee zaus nrog lub teeb load thiab lub nrawm qis thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub nra.
Cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv siv dav hlau tsis muaj hlau yog ntau yam plastics (cov ntaub ntawv polymer), xws li phenolic resin, nylon, thiab polytetrafluoroethylene. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov polymer yog: nws tsis hnov mob nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab nws qhov kev txhim kho corrosion yog tshwj xeeb; nws muaj qee yam kev coj tus kheej, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj lubrication, thiab muaj qee yam muaj peev xwm txaus nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab; zoo sib xyaws; Kev txhuam thiab hnav tsis kam yog qhov zoo dua.
Thaum xaiv cov polymer ua cov khoom siv cov kabmob, koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau cov teeb meem nram qab no: Vim tias lub thermal conductivity ntawm lub polymer tsuas yog ob peb feem pua ntawm cov hlau, kev tsis sib haum ntawm kev kub tsis sib haum yuav tsum xav txog. Nws nruj me ntsis txwv ua haujlwm nrawm ntawm polymer cov kabmob thiab Siab tus nqi. Vim tias cov kab tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polymer muaj ntau dua li ntawm cov hlau, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kabmob polymer thiab cov ntawv xov xwm steel yuav tsum loj dua qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov kabmob hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog thiab cov khoom siv txwv tsis pub cov khoom siv polymer yog qhov tsawg, yog li lub nra uas yuav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thaum sib dhos thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj tsawg. Thiab vim tias cov khoom siv polymer yuav nkag mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav tsis haum rau kev ua cov kabmob nrog cov kev txwv kom nruj.
Carbon-graphite tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom coj tus kheej hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo. Cov graphite cov ntsiab lus ntau dua, cov khoom siv softer thiab me me qhov kev sib txhuam coefficient. Hlau, polytetrafluoroethylene lossis molybdenum disulfide Cheebtsam tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov khoom siv carbon-graphite, thiab cov kua dej kua nyeem kuj tseem tuaj yeem impregnated. Cov roj carbon-graphite bearings yog cov roj ua kom nws tus kheej, thiab lawv tus kheej lubricating thiab tiv thaiv kev txhuam qhov sib txawv yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm dej vapor adsorbed. Cov roj carbon-graphite thiab roj nplua nyeem uas muaj cov roj nplaum muaj qhov sib txuam nrog, thiab ntxiv cov roj nplua nyeem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho lawv thaj chaw lubrication. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov roj lubrication.
Roj Hmab yog tsuas yog siv rau dej raws li cov roj nplua nyeem thiab qhov chaw ib puag ncig tsis huv.
Cov ntoo muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, thiab cov tub puv tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Ua cov polymer tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntev ntev ruaj khov ntawm ntoo thiab txo qhov nqus noo, thiab txhim kho lub zog. Bearings ua los ntawm cov ntoo tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qab cov plua plav.
Khoom siv hlau tsis zoo
Qhov no yog cov kabmob cov khoom ua los ntawm nias thiab sintering sib txawv cov hmoov hlau. Cov khoom siv no yog qhov ntxeem tau, nrog pores accounting rau txog 10% rau 35% ntawm lub ntim. Ua ntej siv, cov kabmob ncoo tau muab tso rau hauv cov roj kub rau ob peb teev los txhawm rau ua lub qhov hws nrog roj lubricating, yog li cov kabmob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no feem ntau hu ua roj kabmob.
Nws yog nws tus kheej lubricating. Thaum ua haujlwm, vim tias qhov nqus tau cov nyhuv ntawm cov kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab nthuav cov roj thaum cov kabmob kev kub siab, cov roj nkag hauv qhov txhuam kev sib txhuam rau lubrication; thaum tsis ua haujlwm, cov roj tso tawm rov qab rau hauv cov kabmob vim qhov ua tiav capillary, yog li Tau ntev, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo txawm tias tsis muaj roj. Yog tias cov roj rov qab tsis tu ncua, cov nyhuv zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov ua kom tsis tshua nruj, nws tsim nyog kom ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom thiab qis thiab nruab nrab ceev. Kev siv ntau yog hlau ntxeem tau thiab ntxeem tau tooj liab. Hlau ntxeem tau siv los ua milling tshuab bushings, tshuab twj roj twj tso kua mis bushings, sab hauv combustion cav camshaft bushings, thiab lwm yam.
Cov nplaim hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kabmob ua cov ntawv, cov kiv cua, tshuab ua tshuab thiab tshuab hluav taws xob. Tuam Tshoj twb muaj lub Hoobkas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov roj-cov kabmob loj, uas tuaj yeem xaiv tau raws li phau ntawv tsim qauv thaum xav tau.
Hmoov metallurgy cov khoom siv yog ntxeem tau hlau yog ib hom ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov, nws muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, yog tias nws tau muab tso rau hauv cov roj lubricating, yog li ntawd qhov hws txhaws nrog roj lubricating, nws dhau los ua roj kabmob, nrog nws tus kheej lubricating yam ntxwv. Cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj siab thiab tsuas yog haum rau kev ruaj khov, tsis cuam tshuam cov ntim thiab qhov nruab nrab thiab me ceev.
