Tshuaj xyuas muaj pes tsawg leeg
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm forgings tsis raug kuaj xyuas. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv coj ua ntej lub cub tawg thaum smelting. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov tseem ceeb lossis qhov tsis txaus ntseeg forgings, qee cov chips tuaj yeem raug txiav los ntawm forgings thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los yog spectral tsom xam yuav siv tau los kuaj cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov loj thiab cov duab
Kev kuaj pom pom
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev uas feem ntau siv los tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem. Siv lub qhov muag liab qab los saib seb puas muaj folds, tawg, bruises, nti, nto overburning thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag nyob rau saum npoo ntawm forging. Kev sib sib zog nqus tsis zoo yog muab zais rau saum npoo ntawm forgings, uas feem ntau pom tom qab kev kho cua sov thiab tu.
Dimensional ntsuas ntsuas suav nrog
Ntev, dav thiab qhov siab qhov ntev, geometric tolerances, misalignment, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ntev ntawm forgings raug tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua, thiab cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ntsuas tau muab faib ua cov dav dav thiab tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej ntsuas feem ntau muaj xws li calipers, calipers, vernier calipers, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub ntim ntau lawm yog loj, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau siv, xws li snap gauges, plug gauges, templates, tshwj xeeb fixtures, thiab lwm yam. Cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem ua tau. siv, los yog optical comparators thiab optical projectors yuav siv tau rau cov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov ntev.
Pwm qauv tshuaj xyuas
Ua ntej qhov kawg forging tuag thiab pre-forging tuag chamber ntawm cov pwm tshiab (los yog tom qab kho dua tshiab) muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm, cov qauv txhuas lossis cov hlau sib xyaw hlau ntsev yuav tsum tau nchuav los xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov qauv, lub xeev flash, thiab lwm yam. txiav txim seb qhov pwm kab noj hniav tsim tsim nyog. Thawj pawg ntawm forgings tom qab pickling yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom tiav thiab folding los txiav txim qhov tseeb ntawm tus tsim ntawm forging tuag fillets, flanges, tav, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub trimming zoo ntawm forgings yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam xyuas cov teeb meem nrog trimming. tuag tsim los yog installation.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam
Cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam yuav tsum raug txiav los ntawm forgings coj tawm ntawm tib lub smelting rauv thiab qhov cub kho cua sov. Cov qauv txiav, cov qauv qauv thiab qhov loj me, thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas yog txhua yam ua raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws.
Kev kuaj Hardness:Qhov no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom thiab txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los txiav txim cov khoom siv ntawm forgings. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sim hardness yog los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua tau zoo thaum lub sij hawm machining ntawm forgings; los txiav txim qhov decarburization ntawm forging nto thiab nkag siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov qauv sab hauv ntawm forging. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas hardness feem ntau yog ua tom qab forging yog kub kho. Brinell hardness lossis Rockwell hardness tuaj yeem siv. Hardness tester, thiab lwm yam.
Tensile xeem:Txiav txim siab qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau σs, lub zog txwv σ, elongation δ thiab hla-sectional shrinkage ψ nyob rau hauv unidirectional static nro.
Impact test: siv los kuaj qhov toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los yog forgings. Cov khoom uas raug cuam tshuam rau cov loads thiab vibration loads thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, los yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv high kub thiab high speeds, xws li turbine disks, turbine blades, thiab lwm yam., feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas.
Lwm yam kev xeem:Rau qee qhov tseem ceeb lossis loj tuag forgings, lossis forgings ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, kev sim xws li qaug zog, khoov, torsion, kub creep thiab kav ntev yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov xav tau.
Surface flaw detection xyuas
Magnetic particle soj ntsuam: Nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas me me ntawm qhov chaw ntawm forgings, xws li cov kab nrib pleb, folds, inclusions, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsuas yog siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, thiab qhov forging nto yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab du.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib nqus yog: tso qhov sib nqus ntawm ob lub sib nqus ncej, thiab cov kab hlau nplaum ntawm lub zog yuav tsum dhau los ntawm nws tusyees. Yog hais tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb, qhov pores, tsis sib nqus inclusions, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv forging, lub magnetic kab ntawm quab yuam yuav bypass cov tsis xws luag thiab khoov. Yog tias qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau saum npoo, cov kab hlau nplaum yuav xau rau hauv huab cua, hla qhov tsis xws luag, thiab rov qab mus rau forging. Qhov no magnetic to phenomenon ua ib lub zos magnetic ncej ntawm lub magnetic flux to site. Thaum cov hlau nplaum sab nraud raug tshem tawm, lub hauv paus hlau nplaum hauv zos tseem nyob ntev. Yog tias cov hmoov sib nqus yog nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub forging, cov hmoov hlau nplaum yuav raug nyiam mus rau qhov sib nqus flux to thiab sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov kab uas zoo sib xws hauv qhov loj thiab zoo li qhov tsis xws luag.
Kev tshuaj xyuas fluorescence: siv los tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov hlau tsis sib nqus forgings. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv cov kua fluorescent kom nkag mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb ntawm forging, thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov zaub, nyob rau hauv lub irradiation ntawm ultraviolet rays, qhov tsis xws luag ntawm forging yuav emit ntshiab fluorescence. Nws tuaj yeem pom cov kab nrib pleb uas muaj qhov dav tsawg dua 0.005mm uas tsis pom qhov muag liab qab, thiab tsim nyog rau ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab forgings ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv.
Ultrasonic soj ntsuam
Kev tshuaj xyuas Ultrasonic tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag hauv macroscopic hauv forgings, xws li cov kab nrib pleb, kev sib txuas, cov kab noj hniav shrinkage, cov pob dawb, thiab cov duab, qhov chaw, thiab qhov loj ntawm npuas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tsis xws luag, thiab nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los yog cov kev paub dhau los.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev soj ntsuam ultrasonic yog hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv high-frequency pulse ultrasonic tsis los ntawm lub quartz converter thiab txhaj rau hauv lub forging sab hauv. Txij li thaum ultrasonic tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov khoom sib txuas-gas, thaum lub ultrasonic nthwv dej ntsib qhov tsis xws luag, lawv yuav rov qab los. Yog tias lub yoj ultrasonic tsis ntsib qhov tsis xws luag, nws yuav tsis rov qab los txog thaum nws mus txog hauv qab ntawm forging. Lub teeb pom kev ultrasonic pulse tau txais los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab xa mus rau fluorescent screen ntawm oscilloscope los ntawm kev hloov dua siab tshiab, amplification, thiab nrhiav pom, thiab tso tawm kom pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm amplitude, raws li qhia hauv daim duab.
Thaum lub ultrasonic nthwv dej thawj zaug nkag rau saum npoo ntawm forging, thawj nthwv dej siab A yuav tshwm sim. Thaum lub ultrasonic nthwv dej ntsib qhov teeb meem sab hauv, qhov tsis xws luag siab B yuav tshwm sim. Thaum lub yoj ultrasonic yog reflected los ntawm lub hauv qab nto, lub hauv qab nthwv dej ncov C yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsiv lub sojntsuam mus nrhiav kom tau, yog tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub forging, yuav tsuas muaj thawj nthwv dej thiab lub hauv qab nthwv dej ntawm lub fluorescent screen. Thaum lub ultrasonic nthwv dej ntsib qhov tsis xws luag, ib qho tsis xws luag yuav tshwm sim ntawm thawj nthwv dej thiab hauv qab nthwv dej. Raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yoj, thawj nthwv dej thiab hauv qab nthwv dej, qhov txheeb ze ntawm qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Qhov loj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav qhia qhov loj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
Tsawg magnification cov ntaub so ntswg soj ntsuam
Nws yog los soj ntsuam lub macrostructure ntawm forging nto los yog cross-section nrog lub qhov muag liab qab los yog nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tsawg-power magnifying iav.
Acid etching soj ntsuam:Qhov no yog siv cov kua qaub los tso saib cov macrostructure. Nws tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kab khiav, kev sib cais, cov kab noj hniav shrinkage, voids, dawb me ntsis, inclusions, tawg, thiab lwm yam ntawm forgings.
Rau me me thiab nruab nrab forgings, cov qauv transverse feem ntau coj mus kuaj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov seem; cov qauv ntev tuaj yeem raug coj los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li kev faib tawm thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau; Yog hais tias qhov chaw tawg thiab quenching mos me ntsis yuav tsum tau kuaj, sab nrauv ntawm lub forging yuav tsum tau khaws cia Ua kua qaub etching tshuaj xyuas; loj forgings yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tsis-destructively. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cement ua phab ntsa tuav los tsim cov pas dej ua kua qaub rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm qhov forging, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas acid etching.
Acid etching txoj kev yog muab faib ua kub acid etching thiab txias acid etching. Kub acid etching yog haum rau me me thiab nruab nrab-qhov loj me forgings. Hlau forgings feem ntau siv 1: 1 muaj concentrated hydrochloric acid aqueous tov, ua hauj lwm kub yog 65 ~ 80 degree, thiab lub sij hawm etching yog 10 ~ 30 feeb. Cold acid etching feem ntau yog siv rau forgings loj. Siv paj rwb xov dipped nyob rau hauv txias acid etching tus neeg saib xyuas los so lub nto ntawm forgings kom txog thaum lub macrostructure tshwm sim. Rau cov hlau forgings, txias acid etching tus neeg sawv cev yog 5% mus rau 10% nitric acid aqueous tov, los yog 10% mus rau 20% ferric persulfate aqueous tov; rau stainless hlau, siab chromium alloy hlau, thiab siab chromium npib tsib xee alloy hlau, 1 feem nitric acid thiab 2 qhov chaw hydrochloric acid yuav siv tau Mixed acid (aqua regia).
Kev tshuaj xyuas pob txha:Cov teeb meem ntawm forgings tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw cov teeb meem los yog cua sov, forging, thiab quenching tshav kub kev kho mob yuav raug soj ntsuam. Xws li cov pob txha zoo li naphthalene, pob zeb zoo li pob zeb tawg, cov txheej txheem txheej, cov pob dawb, cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv, cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau, thiab lwm yam. Cov pob txha ntawm cov qauv lamellar yog npub thiab muaj cov ntoo-txheej zoo li, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw, feem ntau ntawm cov axis ntawm cov hlau, thiab tsuas yog tshwm tom qab kub dov thiab quenching.
Kev tshuaj xyuas sulfur:Qhov no siv cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv thaij duab thiab cov sulfides los xyuas cov sulfide impurities thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm hauv forgings. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau kev faib khoom ntawm lwm cov khoom hauv steel. Kev tshuaj xyuas sulfur luam tawm tsuas yog ua thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sulfur ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw siab dhau los lossis kev sib cais sulfide hnyav.
High magnification metallographic qauv tshuaj xyuas
Qhov no yog los soj ntsuam cov qauv metallographic thiab ntau yam kev ntsuas qhov tsis xws luag ntawm forging hlais cov qauv hauv qab lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, qhia txog kev sib cais thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qee qhov sib xyaw, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov nplej loj thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau. Kev kuaj xyuas microscopic pab kom nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab forging zog.
Qhov chaw thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev txiav cov qauv yog cuam tshuam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas: txhawm rau kuaj cov qauv metallographic, suav nrog, thiab elongation lossis breakage ntawm cov qauv band, cov qauv longitudinal tuaj yeem txiav; los kuaj decarburization, folding, tshaj-kub, nto hardenability, thiab permeability. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm cov pa roj carbon txheej, thiab lwm yam, cov qauv transverse yuav tsum raug txiav; txhawm rau kuaj qhov loj me, cov qauv tuaj yeem txiav raws li kev cai. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov txheej txheem txiav tshuab xws li sawing thiab npaj txiav cov qauv, thiab ua haujlwm nruj raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev npaj cov qauv metallographic, kom cov kev soj ntsuam ib feem ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws lub koom haum qub.
Kev soj ntsuam kev ntxhov siab seem
Yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau rau hauv lub forging, thaum lub sij hawm machining, qhov seem seem yuav tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug, ua rau ib feem ntawm deform thiab cuam tshuam rau kev sib dhos; Thaum lub sij hawm siv ntawm ib feem, lub superposition ntawm residual kev nyuaj siab thiab ua hauj lwm kev nyuaj siab kuj yuav ua rau ib feem tsis ua hauj lwm, los yog txawm puas tag nrho lub tshuab. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov tseem ceeb forgings (xws li forgings rau aviation, aerospace, tub rog kev lag luam, thiab fais fab chaw nres tsheb) muaj cov kev cai nruj me ntsis ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas cov kev ntxhov siab uas nyob nrog suav nrog X-ray txoj kev, txoj kev tho txawv thiab txoj kev nplhaib txiav.
